ABSTRACT
@#Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative diseasecommonly seen in the elderlys. Several therapeutic drugs have failed in phase III clinical trials in recent years and there have been no efficient treatment for AD currently. Thus, there has been an urgent need for the effective methods of AD diagnosis at early stage. Developingnear-infrared fluorescentprobes for AD hallmarks detection has been a promising research field. In this review, we summarized a variety of near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)probes reported in the past decade, which capable of detecting β-amyloid, Tau protein and reactive oxygen species, including their chemical strucutres、optical properties, in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, we alsoraised some new directions for AD diagnosing. We believe that these new directions raised herein will benefit the future development of NIRF probes in the field of AD research.
ABSTRACT
Phosphoinositide 3-kindase,an important signal transduction molecule in cells,plays a key role in the process of cell survival,proliferation and differentiation.Significant progress has been made in the treatment of cancer with PI3K inhibitors,yet the drug resistance of PI3K inhibitors affects their long-term efficacy in clinical treatment.In order to overcome the drug resistance,a variety of rational combined therapies have been developed.In this paper,the research progress of phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitors in combination with other drugs to overcome the drug resistance were reviewed.